Reflective Nursing Essay | Leadership in AE

Reflective Nursing Essay | Leadership in AE For the purpose of this assignment I will explore my personal and professional development in my third year and throughout the entire course. In this assignment I will reflect on an episode of practice that happened in the accident and emergency department during my placement there. I will discuss my leadership role, supervision and delegation to others whilst I managed the minors area on a morning shift. I have chosen to reflect on this episode of practice as this is one of the first times I was truly allowed to manage an area during this time I was able to delegate to others, question my leadership style and make clinical decisions. I will use reflective practice to critically analyse my delegation and supervision of others and analyse my own professional development. Throughout this reflection I will also look into the theory that underpins the following areas, Clinical Decision Making; Leadership, Management and Teamwork; Delegation and Supervision of others and Continuing Professional Development. The main focus of this assignment will be my delegation and supervision of others as this is a very important part of being a nurse as the NMC (2008) says You must establish that anyone you delegate to is able to carry out your instructions and that You must make sure that everyone you are responsible for is supervised and supported. To critically analyse this I will use a recognised model of reflection, I have researched a number of different models of reflection to find one that is suitable for this and that Im comfortable using. Some of the models I have looked at include Johns model of reflection as cited in Siviter (2008) But I found that this to be to rigid and does not help me discuss my own development as well , and also requires the reflector to work under constant supervision and keep a diary. Another model I considered was Rolfe et al (2001) framework for reflective practice, but I found this not to be structured enough to adequately explore my development and create future action plans. The final model I looked at is the Gibbs (1988) model of reflection as cited in (Siviter, 2008). The Gibbs model is well structured and easily guides the reflector through the process allowing them to explore the reflection in depth and allow action plans to be created. I have chosen this model as I have used this mode l in the past and feel comfortable using it and I feel it is well suited to this episode of practice. During this assignment I will use a pseudonym for any patients I discuss to maintain confidentially in line with the NMC (2008) on confidentiality. Desciption I was working on a morning shift in the Minors area of the Accident and Emergency department with my mentor and her other third year student. The nurse in charge asked us if we wanted to take it in turns the run the minors depart for half the shift each. I was given the task of running the area for the morning half the shift. In addition to my mentor and the other student there was a HCA also assigned to the area. The minors area was not particularly busy this morning there was 3 patients in the area with another 2 or 3 waiting to be seen. One of the Doctors working with is in the area asked if I could do an ECG on one of the patients then refer them up to the cardiology ward as they needed to be admitted. I decided that I would hand the patient over to the ward as I had the patients full history and I would delegate the task of the ECG to the other student as I knew she needed to do this for her skills, my mentor went with her as she needed to be supervised to complete this skill. O n my way to make the phone call, a paramedic crew brought a child in the paediatric area of the minors bay. When a patient is brought into the area there paperwork has to be completed including observations. I decided to delegate this to the HCA as the other patient urgently needed to go to the ward. I asked the HCA to do a complete set of observation on the child who responded when I get round to it I explained to her that the observations were more important at that time than stocking a cupboard. After making the phone call I returned to the child and the HCA to ensure the observations where completed correctly and noted the Childs observations were not normal and may indicate acute appendicitis as I had seen this on a previous shift, at this point I took the results to the doctor and explained what I felt the doctor agreed and moved the child up in the waiting list to be seen next. Thoughts and Feelings When I was asked to run the minors area initially I felt very excited about this as I have not had many management opportunities during my course and I was getting to manage an area I have always been interested in and hope to eventually work in. When I started to get into the management role I started to find myself getting more and more anxious as I have never really worked in this environment before and that previous experience had been limited to wards which had more set routines. I felt comfortable being able to delegate to the third year student as I knew she would be competent to do the task I asked her I also felt confident in asking the HCA to complete observations as I knew they had training to work in this area. I feel that I could have asked the HCA in a different way to complete the observations as I felt the way I handled it was wrong and it led her to resent me for the rest of the shift because I was short with her. Overall I enjoyed the experience and felt a great dea l of satisfaction when I was able to identify a potentially critically ill patient and make the appropriate referral using my clinical judgement. Evaluation What I feel that was positive about this situation is I was able to practice my leadership and delegation skills which previously I have not had the opportunity to do. It has also given me a good insight into the importance of time management and prioritising tasks. This episode has given me a small insight into the importance of quality assurance because I had to check the observations and also allowed me to recognise my own limitation as I knew there was nothing I could have done for the child without referring to a doctor. What was negative about the situation I feel was my team working and management style could have been better as I could have explained to the HCA in more positive way. I feel I may not have needed to delegate the task of observations as I could have made the call and managed to complete the observations in a timely and safe manner. Analysis Delegation and supervision of others is an integral part of being a registered nurse. Delegation is defined as the process of transferring a task to a competent individual and giving them to authority to complete a selected nursing task in a selected situation Hanston Jackson(2004).

Entering the soft drinks industry in india Essay

India is an enormous and diverse country with a population of over 1 billion people, making it difficult to make any generalisations about what Indians like and want from a soft drink (Background to Business in India, 2011). The soft drink industry in India has been growing rapidly since 2006 and in 2010 generated a profit of $3. 8 billion and although the market is set to decelerate, by 2015 he market value will be $5. 9 billion (Soft Drinks Industry Profile: India, 2011). From this, India is an attractive marketplace with many opportunities for a soft drinks manufacturer to want to expand in to. Porter’s National Diamond: Factor Conditions India has a very young population with over half being under the age of 25 (BSCAA , 2009) This is an advantage to the MNC wanting to expand their business in to India as research by Euromonitor (2011) suggests that young people aged 16-25 are more likely to purchase bottled soft drinks. Conversely, the diversity of the population in India must be stressed as it is such a large country, with a huge divide between rich and poor. Also with regards to human resources, the MNC could benefit from the profusion of low-cost labour in India (Maan, M et al, 2011), meaning the MNC could move its manufacturing to India to reduce its operating costs whilst targeting the young population with their soft drink product. When assessing the physical resources in India, the MNC needs to consider the poor infrastructure in the country and how rural some of the areas are. It would not be advised to enter the market in east/northeast India unless selling cheap bottled water because the area is very rural and poor and there is only really a market for selling healthy, clean and sanitised water (Soft Drinks in India, 2011). However, south India would be a much more promising area to invest in to and the MNC would have better business opportunities here. Southern India benefits from a much more affluent population of young, employed people, who in recent years have become much more health-conscious, which has led to an increase of 24% in market sales (Soft Drinks in India, 2011). If the MNC were to invest in India, concentrating on one area to ensure they reach the correct target audience, Southern India would be ideal to bring out a range of waters and juices to attract the young, health-conscious population there. Carbonated drinks should not be considered at research by Euromonitor (2011) stress the saturation of the market by megabrands such as Coca Cola and the need for â€Å"healthier† bottled, soft drinks. These also relate to the social and environmental sectors of the PESTLE model. Porter’s National Diamond: Demand Conditions In India, there is an increasing demand for healthy and hygienic soft drinks but sports drinks will remain to be the most rapidly growing sector due to the popularity of sports with young Indians (Soft Drinks in India, 2011). The research from Euromonitor (2011) states that Indians have moved away from carbonated drinks due to the rising health awareness, and have started to purchase more water and fruit and vegetable juices. For the MNC to compete against the increasing international competition, they would need to think â€Å"glocally†. Glocalisation entails local and global activities acting simultaneously, where they would â€Å"think globally and act locally† (Glocalisation, no date). By adapting to the local environment, the MNC could gain a competitive advantage as an international brand as they would appear to take in to account the local surroundings of their brand and they are more likely to be successful as they would be selling a product that the local Indians would want. The MNC should internationalise to respond to the megatrend of competitors, which is a deterministic force, and then compete through adaptation of their product to suit the local surroundings in India. The strategy the MNC should consider after analysing the demand conditions is to consider both price and value together. They should differentiate themselves from other soft drink suppliers by offering a strong brand that young Indians are conscious of (Soft Drinks in India, 2011) but also an acceptable price. Although there is a huge poor population in India, if the MNC were to target Southern India as suggested after looking at the factor conditions, research by the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs (2011) depict a large and growing middle-class population of India that have a disposable income of between $4,166-$20,833 per year; this suggests that they could price their product in correspondence with the other brands as there is a growing population of richer Indians. Also by offering benefits of a brand and a health-conscious drink that is in high demand at the moment, they can concentrate on focussing on that one area of India where they could possibly dominate the market in a smaller area. Porter’s National Diamond: Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry With regards to structure of firms, the MNC will have to consider how different India is in terms of how they do business compared to Europe. In India, the majority of organisations have a strong hierarchical structure, with one authoritarian leader at the top (World Business Culture, 2011). When investing in to the Indian market it is recommended to approach business in the same hierarchical structure that India have as it is indisputably acknowledged. If they were to enter the market dealing with business in a more democratic, flat manner, how Europe would normally deal with business, they are unlikely to thrive. In terms of rivalry, there appears to be a lot of competition from other brands of soft drinks. Bisleri holds the largest amount of market share with 23. 6% in 2010; however this is the main seller of clean, hygienic water in India (Soft Drinks in India, 2011). After this, Coca Cola and Pepsi with all their sub-brands hold high shares in the market in India. If the MNC were to invest in to the Indian market, the strategy they would have to take would be to introduce a new soft drink that promotes sustainable benefits of being a healthy, branded, bottled soft drink that is different from the standard carbonates that the international, well-known brands offer. By differentiating their product and adapting it to the local environment in India, the MNC will gain competitive advantage. Porter’s National Diamond: Related and Supporting Industries Soft drinks are sweetened with sugar (Beverage Health, 2010) and India is the second largest producer of this commodity in the world (Sugar: Supply and Demand, 2010). This would be a benefit to the MNC as a main ingredient to soft drinks is readily available and will be cheaper rather than importing it from other countries. Plastic is also heavily involved when packaging soft drinks, through a third party factory. Luckily for the MNC, India has had a high development of their machinery which can create high-quality plastic products, including bottles (Indian Plastic Portal: 2009). By having plastic bottlers locally available, the MNC will have an advantage on being able to easily be supplied the service; however the price at which they purchase the plastic bottles for their soft drink product could be expensive due to the competition of other, more established brands such as Coca Cola. Porter’s National Diamond: Role of Chance The role of chance could invalidate the advantages of investing in the market in India at any time. Chance events that could affect the MNC introducing a new soft drink in India could include: well-established brands like Coca Cola or Pepsi creating a new product which young Indian’s are more likely to be swayed towards due to brand loyalty; another chance event could be new health awareness campaigns that may affect a young individual’s view on bottled soft drinks. There are constantly rising issues concerning health and the amount of sugar young people consume which could seriously harm the reputation and also the sales that the MNC could potentially make when entering the Indian Market. Also factors such as soaring prices in sugar or limited water supply could dramatically affect the manufacture and production of soft drinks. Porter’s National Diamond: Role of Government Currently, India is considered at a low-cost option for organisations to invest in to with its strong domestic market, high savings rates and positive demographic trend (World Business Culture: 2011), however, this could quickly change as India’s government could, at any time, implement new tax laws, quality standard laws or changes in antitrust laws which could alter the ease of entering in to the Indian marketplace for soft drinks. The MNC must take in to account and assess all the different policies and laws for foreign markets to invest to ensure they can operate their business properly. Issues that may arise in this determinant will also occur in the PESTLE model if the MNC were to undertake this from of country analysis. Porter’s Five Forces Buyer Power: Research by Datamonitor (2010) suggests that buyer power is temperate within the current soft drink suppliers in India as they sell not only to independent retailers but they sell their concentrates to bottling companies. However, the buyer power for a new brand of soft drink in India could affect the MNC profusely; this is due to the fact that the consumers will already have brand loyalty to the well-known and well established soft drink brands in India. The buyers would have to have an incentive to purchase the new product over something they are already used to and like; therefore having a relatively strong power over the new entrant. Supplier Power: Due to the fact that most ingredients of soft drink products are commodities means that supplier power is reasonably low and these commodities are readily available, for example: sugar (Datamonitor: 2010). Water, which is also a main component needed for the manufacture of a soft drink product, could be a problem in India as the sanitation of the water can be a problem and the supply is not always constant (India: Development Policy Review, 2007). Finally, supplier power from plastic packaging companies is growing due to the rise in awareness of environmentally friendly packaging (Datamonitor, 2010). New Entrants: If the MNC were to invest in to India, to ensure they were successful, they will need to ensure that they concentrate on differentiating and adapting their product to the area and from other brands (Datamonitor, 2010). Research by Euromonitor (2011) also suggest that by having a strong brand name and by using national figures to advertise the brand, a new entrant to the soft drinks market in India will thrive. From this, it suggests that there is a market for new entrants as long as the product is differentiated and well distinguished from the other products that already exist. Datamonitor also recommend that a new entrant should stress the health benefits of their product to attract more consumers. Substitutes: There is a reasonable threat from substitute products in the soft drink market in India. Research by Datamonitor (2010) depicts the larger brands like Parle Bisleri to be a higher threat as they offer other kinds of confectionary products as well as a wide range of soft drinks and the substitutes are able to stored differently (on shelves at room temperature). Datamonitor recommends that leading brands, as they have a diverse range of products, can reduce the risk of the substitutes on their performance. Rivalry: Research by Datamonitor (2010) gives evidence that the marketplace for soft drinks in India is concentrated with the top three players (Parle Bisleri, Coca Cola and Pepsi) holding 74. 1% of the market volume. These brands not only offer standard carbonated soft drinks and bottled water but speciality bottled teas and coffees. Therefore, if the MNC were to enter in to the Indian soft drink market, to remain a competitive brand, they would need to offer an adapted product to attract new consumers and draw them away from the well-established brands they know well. The Diffusion Curve. (Pearce, 2011) India as a whole would be placed in sector â€Å"late majority† due to the whole population of India being respectively poor with a GDP of only $1190 (World Business Culture, 2010). This means that they would purchase the product but maybe not straight away, when it is released, they will start to consume when the soft drink has become much cheaper. However, in a much more affluent area like South India where there is a population of young professionals with brand consciousness (Euromonitor, 2011) the population would be within the â€Å"early majority† sector. This is due to the fact that younger, wealthier people are more likely to want to try out new products when they see others consuming them and also feel the need to try out new products if the benefits and brands are well advertised to them (Euromonitor, 2011). Recommendations After assessing the market for soft drinks in India, it would be recommended for the MNC to invest in to this attractive marketplace. It is important for the MNC to internationalise its operations to diversify themselves, to respond to foreign competition and to take advantage from lower costs and increased technological expertise. However, there are many factors to consider when entering the market in India: firstly, the MNC must take in to account how diverse the nation is. As mentioned before, the population is huge and it would be ignorant to make any generalisations; therefore it would be a sensible idea for the MNC to only enter the market in one area of the country, for example southern India. It has been discussed that southern India is a much more affluent area of India, in which are many young, employed Indians who should be the target audience for the MNC as they are accessible and sustainable. Secondly, the competitors in this area must be considered. In order to be successful in investing in to India, it would be sensible for the MNC to create a product that is not standardised but adapted to the needs and likes of the population in this area. The MNC should conduct some research in to what kinds of flavours and tastes that are preferred in order to create a product that would thrive in Southern India. It is also very important for the MNC to create a product in which the health benefits are a main factor of their soft drink. Throughout the research in this feasibility study, it has been stressed that there is a need from consumers for a soft drink where the health benefits are highlighted as although the carbonated soft drink market is booming (Euromonitor, 2011) it is saturated with other competitors; therefore, the MNC should compete through differentiation and offering benefits of their â€Å"healthier† soft drink product. Overall, the MNC has the chance of being successful when investing in to Indian soft drink market. They need to be careful when dealing with business with them, ensuring they have conducted enough research in to how they do business as it is very different to Europe, as said before, they deal with business in a hierarchical and authoritarian way. However the foreign environment is uncontrollable and the MNC has no control over the macro environment, so they must ensure to fully understand the marketplace and how India operates with foreign investors. Critical Evaluation of Porter’s National Diamond Porter’s National Diamond is described as a â€Å"methodological approach to analyse the most current industry occurrences and competitive status, and to identify emerging issues and opportunities for successful market development† (Batra, M et al, 2009). The diamond is used to investigate an organisation’s ability to compete in international markets by looking at four different components: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and strategy, structure and rivalry. Secondary to these four determinants, porter stresses the need for considering the role of chance and the role of the government in order to have a sound analysis of the competitive advantage of nations. Porter’s national competitive advantage theory suggests that a country’s competiveness within a certain industry will depend on the whether or not the industry has the room to innovate and advance (Wild, 2011, p177). Porter’s diamond is mainly concerned with how and why certain countries are more competitive in different industries. His theory amalgamates the two different denominations of international trade theory from country based theories such as mercantilism and comparative advantage, and also firm based theories such as product life cycle and national competitive advantage (Griffin, 2007, p164) There are many advantages of using Porter’s National Diamond: it allows an organisation to asses and analyse a country, covering all necessary areas to think about, ensuring that it would be a successful country to invest in to. It ensures that the organisation takes in to account everything they need to when considering investing in another country. Although it is only a forecast, if the organisations thinks about all possible occurrences and fully assesses all the components, it should give them an extensive knowledge and assertion that they are making a prosperous investment. Another advantage is that it is academically renowned and used by many organisations and governments across the world. However, Porter’s National Diamond has been criticised for many reasons: firstly it suggests that any role of government is negative, where it could be positive and encourage foreign investments and make domestic industries less competitive (Hadjidakis, 2007, p88). The role of chance is also too difficult to predict as any environment can change very rapidly and unexpectedly. According to Dickens (2007, p187) the diamond compresses too much complex and intricate information in to a â€Å"four-pointed diamond model† and this is not enough to be able to measure the national competitiveness of a country adequately. It has also been argued that porter’s model lacks any distinct definition of the four determinants which in turn, will reduce the predictive power and accuracy of the diamond model (Grant, 1991). Within international business management, when applying Porter’s national diamond, it should be ensured to consider every single aspect that Porter recommends in to major detail to ensure a forecast for investment is as accurate as possible. The different aspects of the diamond should be developed as much as possible so that international competitiveness is driven to thrive and succeed. Reference List Background to Business in India (2011) Available at: http://www. worldbusinessculture. com/Indian-Business-Style. html (Accessed: 10 January 2012). Batra, M. , Niehm, L. (2009), â€Å"An opportunity analysis framework for apparel retailing in India: economic, social, and cultural considerations for international retail firms†, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 287-300 Beverage Health (2010) Available at: http://www. beveragehealth. org. au/scripts/cgiip. exe/WService=ASP0017/ccms. r? PageId=10053 (Accessed: 12 January 2012) BSCAA (2009), â€Å"Background note: India†, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Available at: www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454. htm (Accessed: 10 January 2012) Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs (2011) Background Note: India. Available at: http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454. htm#econ (Accessed: 10 January 2012) Dickens, P. (2007) Global Shift: Mapping the challenging contours of the world economy. 5th edn. Sage Publications: London. Grant, R. M. (1991), â€Å"Porter’s ‘competitive advantage of nations’: an assessment†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12 No. 7, pp. 535-48. Griffin, R. (2007) International Business: A Managerial Perspective. 5th edn. Pearson: Upper Saddle River. Glocalisation (no date) Available at: http://rija-rasoava. weebly. com/glocalisation. html (Accessed: 10 January 2012) Hadjidakis, S. Katsioloudes, M. (2007) International Business: A Global Perspective. Elsevier. India: Development Policy Review (2007) Available at: http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20980493~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00. html (Accessed: 12 January 2012) Indian Plastic Portal (2009) Available at: http://www. indianplasticportal.com/plastic-industry-overview/ (Accessed: 12 January 2012) Mann, M. Byun, S. (2011). Accessing opportunities in apparel retail sectors in India: Porter’s diamond approach. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15, 2. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1926550&show=html#b7 (Accessed: 10 January 2012) Pearce, A. (2011) ‘Week 9: Production Strategy and International Value Chain’. The diffusion curve [Online]. Available at: https://elp. northumbria. ac. uk/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp?tab_id=_2_1&url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flauncher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_223681_1%26url%3d (Accessed: 14 January 2012) Soft Drinks Industry Profile: India (2011) Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=5&hid=24&sid=89a8abec-1124-46fa-8180-57eef84e8a7d%40sessionmgr4 (Accessed: 10 January 2012). Soft Drinks in India (2011) Available at: http://www. portal. euromonitor. com/Portal/Pages/Search/SearchResultsList. aspx (Accessed 10 January 2012) Sugar: Supply and Demand (2010) Available at: http://www. spectrumcommodities. com/education/commodity/statistics/sugar. html.

Characteristics of Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics

Characteristics of Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics The Little-Known Secrets to Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics So, the best method to compose an excellent persuasive essay is to discover a theme you're familiarized with and wish to share your experience with the reader. At the exact same time, it's an amazing persuasive essay idea. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. You may trust us to offer expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. Persuasive essays are a really good means to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. Always bear in mind a great persuasive essay ought to be persuasive. Selecting a persuasive essay topic may take plenty of time without ending up with the excellent solution. Deciding upon the correct topic for a persuasive speech may be not such an easy issue to do as it might appear. Gossip, Deception and Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics Try to remember, persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they are sometimes controversial. In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. The simplest way to decide on a persuasive essay topic is to talk about a present issue. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. If you would like to purchase a research paper, online writing service like ours is precisely what you demand. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to earn the reader want to talk about the interesting persuasive essay topics of your selection. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Just comply with the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a great persuasive essay. Perform extensive research on the subject of your choice and make an impressive persuasive speech that individuals will remember for long. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential point to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Some people today live their lives depending on their religion while some don't think you should factor that into decision making in regards to determining rules for everybody. Many people wind up covering the identical tired topics they see in the media daily, just because they can't produce a better idea. You have to know all facets of financial topics when you choose them. If it's a college essay, it is essential to consider what aspects of it is going to be evaluated. The main target of brainstorming is to generate an assortment of special ideas everyone is able to utilize. One other important issue when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that could provoke your audience a little. What to Do About Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics Before You Miss Your Chance Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to demonstrate your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. As any guide on how best to compose a persuasive essay will inform you, your essay has to be organized in paragraphs with a logical progression from 1 paragraph to the next. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. The sole all-natural type of authority is the authority a father has over a youngster, which exists just for the preservation of the kid. Use what you read to assist you create some search terms, and to assist you choose your own position. Take notes concerning all prospective topics you'll be able to consider. The goal of brainstorming is to help you receive ideas. The Hidden Truth About Rousseau Confessions Essay Topics A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. Possessing excellent research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is essential. Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody. Children ought to be able to use cellphones in school. Parents should speak to their children about drugs at a youthful age. They should talk to kids about drugs at a young age. They must be responsible for providing a healthy diet.

General Braxton Bragg in the Civil War

What Kinds of Applications Are Described Here What...

Ninety percent of all postpartum hemorrhages are caused by uterine atony-that is, failure of the uterine muscles to contract normally after the baby and placenta are delivered. The blood vessels supplying the placenta during pregnancy are severed when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus. The bleeding that results from these severed vessels normally stops when the uterus contracts, compressing the vessels. However, if the uterus doesnt contract enough, the bleeding can continue. Significant blood loss can result from a floppy, uncontracted uterus. Factors that may prevent the muscles of the uterus from contracting include the following: * prolonged labor; * the use of oxytocin (Pitocin) during labor; * general†¦show more content†¦That is, there is a desensitization or down regulation of oxytocin receptors. This in turn suggests that in long augmented labors, additional oxytocin may not be beneficial. Therefore, early in these cases, one should consider switching to alternative uterotonic agents in the presence of excessive bleeding. The most common side effects of large bolus doses of oxytocin include nausea, vomiting and hypotension. The decrease in BP is transient, is accompanied by a reflex tachycardia and, in turn, an increase in cardiac output. Because of the transient nature of the hypotension, it is well tolerated in the healthy obstetrical population. However, caution is advised in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease in whom an increase in heart rate or cardiac output might be detrimental or in patient s suffering from hypovolemic shock. 2. Ergonovine Maleate Ergot is usually the second line drug for the treatment of uterine atony. It increases uterine tone through direct alpa-adrenergic stimulation. It is frequently administered intramuscularly in a dose of 0.25 mg but can be given by a slow intravenous injection of 0.125 mg. Too rapid administration can result in severe nausea, vomiting and retching as well as severe hypertension. The onset of action is 3-5 minutes. In contrast to oxytocin which is sometimes administered with the anterior shoulder, Ergot should not be administered before the placenta is delivered as this has been shown to cause anShow MoreRelated1. What Kinds of Applications Are Described Here? What Business Functions Do They Support? How Do They Improve Operational Efficiency and Decision Making? I Believe the Kind of Applications That Was Described in the1361 Words   |  6 Pages MIS in Your Pocket Q1: The applications are described in this case are e-mail, calendar and contacts from Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync. 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Ans- A number of mobile applications are described in this case such as, e-mail, photo sharing, text messaging, web-based note taking, file sharing, tools for web conferencing, electronic presentation, chainLinq Mobile, GPS, google map by the D.W.Morgan company, Epocrates Essential by Doylestown Hospital to interpretRead MoreInteractive Session: Organizations: Running the Business from the Palm of Your Hand1528 Words   |  7 PagesRunning the Business from the Palm of Your Hand Case Study Questions 1. What kinds of applications are described here? What business functions do they support? How do they improve operational efficiency and decision making? Email, messaging, social networking, and sales force management are described in this case study. The applications support business functions including collaboration, location-based services, and communications with colleagues. 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I believe the kind of applications that was described in the article is business application. According to the www.wikipedia.org, retrieved July 3, 2012, â€Å"business application† is generally any software program that helps business increase productivity or measures their productivity. In this case, applications were used in the hospitals, deliveryRead MoreSample Resume : Shared Services9449 Words   |  38 PagesPurpose of this document 2 2.2 Context and Background 3 2.3 Project Scope 4 3.0 Background Research 5 3.1 Introduction to Shared Business Services 5 3.2 Mixed Track Record of Shared Services 7 3.3 Why does it make sense now? 7 3.4 Drivers for change 8 3.5 The ‘Do Nothing Option’ 8 3.6 The Potential impact of Shared Services 9 3.6.1 Amplify Service Performance 9 3.6.2 Expand Support Services Portfolio 10 3.6.3 Disseminate Authoritative Information 10 3.6.4 Standardisation and Data Aggregation 10 3.6.5 GenerateRead MoreErp and Related Technologies4467 Words   |  18 Pagesresource planning and means the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as a whole, from the viewpoint of the effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. ERP systems serve an important function by integrating separate business functions-materials management, product planning, sales, distribution, finance and accounting and others-into a single application. However, ERP systems have three significant limitations: 1. Managers cannotRead MoreLaudon - Business Information Systems16132 Words   |  65 Pagesan information system. What is the difference between data and information? The computer is one physical part of the information system. The program is what operates the computer. An information system is the physical system including computers and networks, software (programs), people who operate the system, and the procedures for operating the system. Data is the basic raw element of facts, information is the processed data that is useful and meaningful to people. 2. What activities convert rawRead Moreinformation systems plan for seminole industries research project5665 Words   |  23 Pages 1. World business collaboration/ New global information technology infrastructure 2. Seminole issue analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.1. No integrated management system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.2. Inefficient corporate communication approach   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.3 non-standard data management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.4. Lack of advanced business practice for competition II. Recommended Vendor Products and Solutions Read MoreDifferent Type of Information System11191 Words   |  45 Pagesthe information systems described below are not mutually exclusive and some (especially Expert Systems, Management Information Systems and Executive Information Systems are can be seen as a subset of Decision Support Systems). However these examples are not the only overlaps and the divions of these information systems will change over time. At present there are five main types:    |Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) | |Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Film Ideology †Milk Free Essays

string(150) " he spearheaded a statewide campaign to defeat Proposition 6, a ballot initiative that called for the mandatory firing of gay teachers in California\." Assignment 2 – Film and Ideology The definition of the word ideology can be represented in many ways. Today’s basic understanding of the word can be defined as â€Å"the body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture† (Farlex, 2009). Gus Van Sant’s exceptional biopic Milk (Gus Van Sant, 2008) depicts the story of Harvey Milk, the slain gay-rights activist who became the first openly gay man elected to any substantial political office in the history of the planet. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Ideology – Milk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harvey Milk’s life changed history – his courage still motivates people today, his ideals still teach people today and his hope still inspire people today. The release of Milk in 2008 has helped to bring back a new sense of appreciation for the hope and passion that Harvey Milk died for. Milk beautifully shows the fights and struggles Harvey Milk had to go through to gain the trust of the people and in order for his ideologies of a brighter tomorrow for all queer people to be fully appreciated by everyone. Harvey Milk was an individual who did not die in vain; his efforts in fighting for gay rights left a lasting impact on the people of this planet and his hope still lives on to this day. Simply put Harvey Milk’s ideology of fighting on and instilling hope in the fight for gay rights when no one else would, immortalized him – â€Å"Without hope, life’s not worth living† (Milk, 2008) It is now June 7th 1977, the sun has set on the Castro district of San Francisco, and the crowd that has gathered in the street outside Harvey Milk’s camera shop is becoming more and more, impatient and angry. We know watching that the reason that everyone is angry is due to the reports about voters in Dade County, Florida, having voted to overturn a local gay-rights ordinance, giving momentum to a backlash whose most visible public face belongs to Anita Bryant. We know we have reached the climax of the movie. So much is happening all at once in the life of Harvey Milk that you wonder how he has not yet lost his head. His impish upbeat attitude and overly positive optimism in the face of multiplying frustrations makes you look up in awe at the wonderment that is Harvey Milk. The gay residents of the Castro are angry and looking to Harvey for leadership. Though not yet elected to office and having lost 3 years consecutively, Harvey rises to the occasion and leads the angry crowd to city hall where he picks up a bullhorn and address the crowd in a way only Harvey Milk can – turning an angry mob on the verge of a violent riot to a enthusiastic mass willing to fight for their rights the proper way. In the space of a few minutes Harvey goes from a whisper to a shout, from an intimate message of consolation and support to a defiant public speech. Milk shows us that it is these moments, these distinct modes of address, are connected, and that the link between them is what defines Harvey Milk’s aspirations and ideals. According to Dr. Harry M. Benshoff, an associate professor of Radio, Television, and Film at the University of North Texas, queer theorist focus on how sexuality was and is a product of culture, not some sort of biological given. In Milk it is clearly stressed that Harvey too did not believe that homosexuality was a genetic disease. In the scene of the 1977 June 7th march, just before he leaves the store to lead the mob to city hall, Harvey answers the telephone only to be greeted by a scared and confused teenager whose parents believe him to be ill because he is gay. Harvey’s disregard of homosexuality as a genetic disorder is abundantly clear in this scene when he reassures the teenage boy that he isn’t ill and that being gay is perfectly normal. Dr. Benshoff goes on to day that following the work of Alfred Kinsey and Sigmund Freud, queer theorists argue that human sexuality—or indeed, race, gender, class, etc. are not either/or propositions, but are rather fluid and dynamic socially-defined positions. To suggest that there is one norm (straight white man on top sex for procreation and nothing else) is grossly misleading and only serves to foster rule by the same and persecution of everything else. Throughout Milk we can see that Harvey, though a very passionate gay-rights activist, is not only looking out for the queer folk. He holds dear to the ideal that everyone is equal. In a way he embodies what Kinsey and Freud say. He did not believe in just one norm. In his fight for gay-rights he isn’t trying to one-up the vast heterosexual majority by over throwing them and getting homosexuals to run the world, he is merely trying to get them to see that homosexuals are no different from any other person. Harvey Milk was trying to break down the social barriers that led to narrow minded thinking of just one social norm. In Milk during one of the public rally’s he had, Harvey said that â€Å"all men are created equal. No matter how hard you try, you can never erase those words† – he believed these words with all his heart. To Harvey Milk, he wasn’t just fighting for gay-rights; he was fighting for a way of life that did not constrict its citizens to conform to just one social norm. Milk, Gus Van Sant’s film project that was close to two decades in the making, was released on the 26th of November 2008 and marks the 30th anniversary of Harvey Milk’s death and the brief but brilliant political career he led. Harvey Milk was unfortunately gunned down on November 27th 1978, three weeks after his biggest political victory. The San Francisco city supervisor had been in office less than a year when he spearheaded a statewide campaign to defeat Proposition 6, a ballot initiative that called for the mandatory firing of gay teachers in California. You read "Film Ideology – Milk" in category "Papers" Milk however arrived in theaters three weeks after the biggest political setback the American gay rights movement has suffered in years: the passage of Proposition 8, which reversed the California Supreme Court ruling that legalized same-sex marriage. As untimely as the events that unfolded prior to the theatrical release of Milk, it begs the question on how did Proposition 8 change the meaning—the symbolic and ideological significance as well as the real-world function—of Gus Van Sant’s Milk. The passing of proposition 8 transformed Milk from a delicate, serious-minded period biopic that was directed by the brilliant Gus Van Sant into something much more urgent. Milk was suddenly this shinning beacon of hope that reinstated the hope and passion that was Harvey Milk into today’s gay-rights activist. There are some moments in the film that in retrospect seem as though it is speaking directly to the audience of the present. As the Proposition 6 results start to roll in, Harvey tells his followers: â€Å"If this thing passes, fight the hell back. † Those eight words speak volumes to the people who are fighting against the proposition 6 of today, proposition 8. â€Å"Somehow, when 8 passed, something else happened that was even more intense than the campaign, which is good. It was an inspiring reaction that showed strength to the people who were against Prop 8. So yeah, it seems to have an effect on something that’s similar to it: Prop. 6, that appears in our movie†, Milk director Gus Van Sant was quoted during an interview with IFC. com. The activist understood the message Harvey Milk stood for in the day, and opted not to let his valiant efforts go to waste. To judge from the numerous rallies that have sprung up across the country since Prop 8 passed, many gays and lesbians are doing just that, refusing to go down without a fight. Gay rights advocates have been quoted saying that they hope to capitalize on Milk’s fortuitous topicality. The film’s Oscar winning screenwriter, Dustin Lance Black, and veteran activist Cleve Jones published a manifesto for equality in the San Francisco Chronicle on November 14th 2008 and launched a nationwide campaign of mass protests and civil disobedience. The endnote of their manifesto read, â€Å"Remember always, and reflect in all your actions, that we are not fighting against anyone, or anything. We are struggling for equality†. Harvey Milk was the one that picked up the flag when no one else would. He was the one that led the suppressed minority on to recognition and acceptance. All who wear his badge, or speak his words, or hold strong to his ideals, keep him alive. Milk managed to revitalize Harvey and in a strange twilight zone sort of way enlisted today’s newly radicalized generation to find their figurehead in the movie-hero version of a long-dead hero. In Milk we see that Harvey’s main arsenal in his fight for equality was that he rejected secrecy and shame in favor of openness and visibility. He insisted that the fight against homophobia begins with the act of coming out – â€Å"If they know us, they don’t vote against us†. Harvey Milk realized this earlier than many of his contemporaries. He understood that in order to gain true equality gays and lesbians should serve as their own civil advocated instead of merely relying on pacts and promises made with their straight allies in high and powerful places. Though he was seen as a radical at the time, in retrospect Harvey Milk is an optimist, an idealist, a true believer in the possibilities of American democracy. Gus Van Sant understood where Harvey was coming from with his ‘come out of the closet ideology’. In the interview with IFC. om Gus Van Sant sheds some light on the ideology and how it affected him. â€Å"It was Harvey’s one idea that would have worked and probably did help the â€Å"No on Proposition 6† campaign†¦ultimately, it’s an interesting concept, and that was the way he thought had a huge effect on Proposition 6. If it’s not an unknown, it’s not scary. If it’s a known, it’ s friendly and you understand, ‘Oh that person that I know is gay, and this other person I know is gay’. That’s partly how it works†. The openly gay Hollywood director went on to say, â€Å"But people did come out. It was his drive to just come out of the closet, lock the closet, and stay out, which was followed by many people. And really, it was his death request. If a bullet should enter his brain, may it knock down every closet door — that was his last request, his will, which probably extended to many people, including me, because I came out after he was killed†. This is just one of the millions of example on how Harvey Milk’s ideals and aspiration for equality for homosexuals touched and affected the lives of many closeted ones. Milk’s screenwriter Dustin Lance Black was quick to praise Harvey Milk’s ‘come out of the closet’ ideal a really good solution to a problem that tons of people had diagnosed but had yet to offer any answers to in an interview with ABC Radio. In the same interview he said, â€Å"In the years that Harvey put that into place, that sort of philosophy into the campaign, he won an election and a month later he was able to defeat one of the biggest, most popular anti-gay pieces of legislation in our country. He was able to defeat it, very unexpectedly, with that philosophy†. The recent anti-Prop 8 movement however seemed to embrace the opposite tactic. It was a closeted campaign, devoid of a public face, largely dependent on straight spokespeople, and run with a wary defensiveness that would have driven Harvey Milk mad. The story and context of Milk, and of the times in which Harvey Milk lived and led, make clear the continuation of this struggle we still find ourselves in. As soon as you lose a battle, another one looms before, giving you another opportunity to try to win. You win a battle, and before you can catch your breath, another struggle is on the horizon. We fall down only to pick ourselves back up again. Nothing about progress allows for much in the way of rest, but nor does it allow for much to remain stagnant. Harvey Milk’s thoughts were ones that changed the world. His thoughts turned into full out ideologies and his ideologies in turn morphed into a revolution. The ever brilliant Gus Van Sant who has a certain knack for merging the lines between now and then delivers to us a biopic that brings back to life its subject. In the post-proposition 8 viewing of this film, we can now see the rise of a new generation of activist – ones that have been instilled with a new sense of hope. Just as Harvey Milk’s assassination, which he repeatedly foretold, has meant that he remains frozen in time as a martyr, the Proposition 8 result has, for now, has redefined Milk as a cause. Gus Van Sant’s 20 year long journey of bringing to life this culturally epic subject has cemented Harvey Milk’s position as an ideological leader. â€Å"Lives of great men all remind us; we can make our lives sublime, and, departing, leave behind us, footprints on the sands of time† (Longfellow, 1838). Harvey Milk’s footprints would have never been forgotten, but Milk has in a way reaffirmed this stand. Gus Van Sant brought about a hero that was long gone and risen him from six feet under to be celebrated again as if he was never gone. Harvey Milk believed in one thing above all else and that was hope, Gus Van Sant brought back that hope. â€Å"I ask this†¦ If there should be an assassination, I would hope that five, ten, one hundred, a thousand would rise. I would like to see every gay lawyer, every gay architect ‘come out’ – If a bullet should enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door†¦ And that’s all. I ask for the movement to continue. Because it’s not about personal gain, not about ego, not about power†¦ it’s about the â€Å"us’s† out there. Not only gays, but the Blacks, the Asians, the disabled, the seniors, the us’s. Without hope, the us’s give up – I know you cannot live on hope alone, but without it, life is not worth living. So you, and you, and you†¦ You gotta give em’ hope†¦ you gotta give em’ hope. †, were the last lines of Milk. (2435 words) References: 1. Black, D. L. (2008) Interview with Dustin Lance Black, writer, ‘Milk’, viewed May 2009, 2. Doty, A. 1998) The Oxford Guide To Film Studies: Queer Theory, Oxford University Press Inc, New York 3. Dr. Benshoff, H. M. (2006) Notes on Gay History/Queer Theory/Queer Film, viewed May 2009, http://www. unt. edu/ally/queerfilm. html 4. Milk, 2008. Film. Directed by Gus Van SANT. USA: Focus Features 5. Sant, G. V. (2008) Interview: Gus Van Sant on â€Å"Milk†, viewed May 2009, http://www. ifc. com/news/2008/11/gus-van-sant-on-milk. php 6. TheFreeOnlineDictionary. Com By Farlex (2000) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston How to cite Film Ideology – Milk, Papers

Performance Management free essay sample

Performance Assessment plays an important role in human resource management processes. However, factual evidence shows that there is a high rate of assessment failures. One of reasons leading to this issue is the illogical design of performance assessment forms. This essay firstly outlines the performance management technique using in the Performance Appraisal Form Template issued by Businessballs (www. businessballs. com). This essay will then analyse its strengths and weaknesses related to assessment validity, reliability and felt-fairness. Finally, this essay will discuss some aspects where this instrument can be re-designed to improve its validity, reliability and felt-fairness. This appraisal form, also referred to as an instrument, is a generic assessment instrument which could be applied to most positions, both non-managerial and managerial. Basically, this form consists of two main parts. In correspondence with each part, different assessment sources are used. For example, part A uses self assessment source. In this part, assessees are required to evaluate themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Part B uses supervisory assessment sources. This part will be completed by assessors through performance review meetings with assessees. The review meetings have the problem solving style with the placement of open discussions between assessors and assessees to identify the strengths and weaknesses of assessees (section B2, B3 and B4), and then to find out the solutions to assessees performance problems (section B5, B6, B7 and B8). There are several performance management techniques applied in this form. The first technique is the management by objectives (MBO). The use of this technique can be found in both the two parts of this form. Particularly, in part A, assessees are required to review their main duties and responsibilities (section A1); to evaluate the achievement of agreed objectives in the past years (section A3); and to identify new objectives and action plan for the following year (point 6 and 7 of section A2). In part B, assessors on the one hand will review self assessment of assessees in part A (section B1, B2, B3 and B4), and then will counsel assessees in setting their future objectives and action planning on the other hand (section B5, B6, B7 and B8). Such approach clearly complies with the management by objectives technique